A junk debt buyer is a collection agency who has purchased a large portfolio of delinquent or charged off accounts from credit card companies, or even other collection agencies. Also referred to in the industry as "bad debt buyers", "zombie debt collectors", or simply "debt buyers", these companies fall under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act definition of Collection Agency ("CA"). As the visibility and profitability of this rapidly expanding new industry has grown, junk debt buyers range in size from small private businesses up to million dollar publicly traded Wall-Street companies! Credit card debt accounts for nearly 70% of the accounts sold to JDBs, followed by auto loans, telecommunications debt and retail accounts.
What to be Aware Of
Junk debt buyers generally buy alleged debts for cents on the dollar and then attempt to find ways to collect on the debt. Often times, the debt is "out-of-statute" (That is, the statute of limitations on it has expired and it no longer legally needs to be repaid). The buyer then attempts to get the debtor to pay a small portion of the debt. If the debtor does so, they have reaffirmed the debt and started the statute of limitations over again. It is very important that consumers be aware of their rights and the laws that protect them as an alarmingly large number of these debt buyers are barely operating within the law.
Some typical unacceptable practices by JDBs include pursuing debts that are not actually owned by the consumer in question; harassment or verbal abuse; multiple listings of the same debt; and, as stated previously, attempting to collect a debt that has passed it's statute of limitations. Frequently in these situations, the JDBs will use the practice of "re-aging" an account which basically means that they report it as more recent than it really is.
An abbreviated list of JDB's:
- Asset Acceptance (AAC)*
- NCO Group*
- Portfolio Recovery Assoc.*
- Asta Funding* Encore Capital Group (parent of Midland Credit Mgmt)*
- Allied National/Interstate Risk Management Alternatives (RMA)
- JBC & Associates Arrow Fin. Svcs. (majority interest acquired by Sallie Mae 9/04)
- RJM Acquisitions
- CAMCO (Capital Acquisitions & Mgmt Co)*
- Excalibur
- Cavalry Portfolio Services
- Unifund Group
- First Select Corporation (part of Providian)
- Collins Financial Services
- Oliphant Financial Corp.
- OSI Portfolio Services
*These have been the subject of recent FTC legal actions and penalties for illegal/abusive collection practices.
How much do JDB's pay for portfolios of debt?
- Debts that have recently been charged off: 6 to 7 cents on the dollar.
- Accounts that are slightly older and on which a collection agency or two has already taken a whack: 1.5 cents to 2 cents on the dollar.
- Years-old, out-of-statute debts: A penny or less.
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